贵州省环境保护条例

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贵州省环境保护条例

贵州省人大常委会


贵州省环境保护条例
贵州省人大常委会


(1992年5月13日贵州省第七届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十五次会议通过)

目 录

第一章 总 则
第二章 管理职责
第三章 环境监督管理
第四章 保护和改善生态环境
第五章 保护城市环境
第六章 防治环境污染和其他公害
第七章 法律责任
第八章 附 则

第一章 总 则
第一条 为保护和改善生活环境、生态环境,防治污染和其他公害,保障人体健康,促进社会主义现代化建设的发展,根据《中华人民共和国环境保护法》及有关法律、法规,结合贵州实际,制定本条例。
第二条 本条例所称环境,是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体,包括大气、水、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。
第三条 凡在本省行政区域内的单位和个人,必须遵守本条例。
第四条 环境保护必须与经济建设、社会发展相协调,做到经济建设、城乡建设和环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展,实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一。
第五条 环境保护必须坚持预防为主,防治结合,全面规划,区域控制,综合治理;实行谁决策谁负责,谁开发谁保护,谁污染谁治理。
第六条 加强环境保护科学技术的研究和开发,推广无污染或少污染、低消耗、综合利用率高的科学技术和生产工艺。重视发展环境保护产业。广泛开展环境保护的国际合作及科技交流。
第七条 省和各自治州、市、县、自治县、特区、市辖区人民政府、各地区行政公署(以下简称“县级以上人民政府”)对本行政区域内的环境质量负责,采取有利于环境保护的经济、技术政策和措施,保护自然资源,改善环境状况,提高环境质量。
县级以上人民政府制定的环境保护规划必须纳入国民经济和社会发展计划,所需环境保护资金,按有关规定列支。
第八条 各级人民政府应当重视环境保护的宣传教育,提高人民的环境意识和环境法制观念。
第九条 县级以上人民政府应定期向同级人民代表大会常务委员会报告本地的环境保护工作。
第十条 在保护和改善环境方面做出显著成绩的单位和个人,由人民政府或有关部门给予表彰和奖励。
第十一条 一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务,并有权对污染和破坏环境的单位和个人进行检举和控告。

第二章 管理职责
第十二条 省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门,对全省环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。
各自治州、市、县、自治县、特区、市辖区人民政府,各地区行政公署的环境保护行政主管部门对本行政区域内的环境保护工作实施统一监督管理。
第十三条 县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门的主要职责是:
(一)监督检查环境保护法律、法规和规章的贯彻执行,协调有关部门的环境保护工作,负责本行政区域内的环境监察;

(二)拟定本行政区域内的环境保护规划和计划,参与国民经济和社会发展计划、城市总体规划、国土规划和区域开发规划中有关环境保护部分的制定工作;
(三)统一监督管理本行政区域内环境污染及其它公害的防治工作;
(四)统一监督管理本行政区域内的自然保护工作;
(五)组织开展环境监测、环境科学研究和环境保护宣传教育,提供有关的技术咨询服务;
(六)调查处理环境污染、破坏事故和环境纠纷;
(七)受理对污染与破坏环境行为的检举和控告;
(八)按规定审理环境行政复议案件。
第十四条 县级以上人民政府的土地、矿产、林业、农业、水利行政主管部门,依照有关法律、法规,对资源的保护和利用实施监督管理。
第十五条 各级公安、交通、铁道、渔政、民航管理部门,军队环境保护部门,依照有关法律、法规,对环境污染防治实施监督管理。
第十六条 企业、事业单位的主管部门负责拟定本系统的环境保护规划和计划,管理本系统的环境保护工作,对所属单位的环境保护工作进行检查考核。
第十七条 科技行政主管部门应制定环境保护科学技术研究的发展规划及计划,重视和加强环境保护科学技术的研究,开发推广环境保护实用技术。
教育行政主管部门应把环境保护的教育列入规划和计划。
文化、新闻出版、广播电视部门应重视和加强对环境保护的宣传和监督。

第三章 环境监督管理
第十八条 县级以上人民政府实行环境保护目标责任制,负责制定、实施本行政区域内的环境保护目标、计划和措施。

环境保护目标责任制的执行情况,应作为考核政府工作的重要内容。
第十九条 省人民政府根据需要,对国家污染物排放标准中未作规定的项目,可以制定贵州省污染物排放标准。
凡是向已有地方污染物排放标准的区域排放污染物的,应当执行地方污染物排放标准。
第二十条 省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门对全省环境监测工作实施统一管理,组织环境监测网络,实行国家统一制定的监测标准和环境监测资质审查制度。
县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门应当建立和健全环境监测机构,负责对行政区域内的环境要素进行常规监测和重点工业污染源监督监测。其监测数据,是环境保护执法的依据。
各行业主管部门和企业、事业单位的环境监测机构,分别负责本部门和本单位的环境监测工作。
其他依照法律、法规规定对环境污染防治或者资源保护实施监督管理部门的环境监测,按有关法律、法规的规定执行。
第二十一条 省、省辖市、自治州人民政府和地区行政公署的环境保护行政主管部门,应当定期发布环境状况公报。
第二十二条 建设对环境有影响的项目,必须执行环境影响报告书制度和环境保护设施与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用的制度。
第二十三条 建设项目在可行性研究阶段,必须编制环境影响报告书(表),报有审批权限的环境保护行政主管部门批准。未经批准的,有关部门不得审批设计任务书。
建设项目在初步设计阶段,必须编制环境保护设计篇章,报有审批权限的环境保护行政主管部门审查同意。未经审查同意的,有关部门不得审批初步设计。
建设项目在竣工验收阶段,其环境保护设施,必须经原审批环境保护设计篇章的环境保护行政主管部门验收合格后,方可投入生产或者使用。未经验收合格的,工商行政管理部门不发给营业执照。
凡改建、扩建和技术改造的项目,必须同时对原有的污染进行治理。
第二十四条 实行排污总量控制。排放污染物的单位,必须向当地环境保护行政主管部门办理排污申报登记。对不超过排污总量控制指标的排污单位颁发排污许可证;对超出排污总量控制指标的排污单位颁发临时排污许可证,并限期削减污染物排放量;限期治理单位在限期治理期间颁
发临时排污许可证。
排污单位必须严格按照排污许可证的规定排放污染物,禁止无证排放。
第二十五条 凡向水体排放污染物的,依照国家或省的规定缴纳排污水费。
超标准排放污染物的企业、事业单位,依照国家和省的规定缴纳超标准排污费。
排污水费、超标准排污费,由县级环境保护行政主管部门的排污监理机构负责征收,实行省、地、县三级财政预算管理,并根据国家和省规定的范围使用。
第二十六条 造成环境严重污染的企业、事业单位必须限期治理。
中央或省人民政府管辖的企业、事业单位的限期治理,由省人民政府决定;自治州、省辖市人民政府、地区行政公署管辖的企业、事业单位的限期治理,由自治州、省辖市人民政府、地区行政公署决定;县级或者县级以下人民政府管辖的企业、事业单位的限期治理,由县级人民政府决
定。
第二十七条 限期治理的企业、事业单位必须如期完成治理任务。
作出限期治理决定的人民政府责成同级环境保护行政主管部门对限期治理项目进行监督和验收,并报告验收结果。
第二十八条 专门承担环境污染治理工程的单位和个人,须经省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门的审查,取得《贵州省环境污染治理工程资格证书》后,方可向建设行政主管部门办理有关手续。
第二十九条 县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门会同质量监督机构,对环境保护装备和产品质量实施监督管理。

第三十条 实行环境监察制度。环境监察工作统一由省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门负责。
第三十一条 县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门,有权对本行政区域内一切产生环境污染和其他公害的单位和个人进行现场检查。被检查的单位和个人必须如实反映情况,提供必要的资料。
检查人员要为被检查的单位和个人保守技术秘密和业务秘密。
第三十二条 排污单位在发生或者可能发生环境污染事故时,必须立即采取相应措施,通报可能受到污染危害的单位和个人,并向当地环境保护行政主管部门和有关部门报告,接受调查处理。
环境保护行政主管部门在接到环境污染事故报告后,应及时会同有关部门调查处理。
第三十三条 县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门,在环境受到严重污染、威胁居民生命财产安全时,必须立即向当地人民政府报告,由人民政府采取有效措施,解除或者减轻危害。
第三十四条 跨行政区域的环境污染和环境破坏的防治工作,由有关的地方人民政府协商解决。协商不成的,由上一级人民政府协调解决,作出决定。

第四章 保护和改善生态环境
第三十五条 各级人民政府应全面规划、积极保护、科学管理、合理利用自然资源,加强资源管理和生态环境建设。
第三十六条 开发、利用自然资源的建设项目以及建设对自然环境有影响的设施,必须执行环境影响报告书(表)审批制度。对生态环境造成影响和破坏的,应由开发建设的单位或个人给予补偿和恢复。
第三十七条 加强农业环境保护,发展生态农业,加强生态建设示范点和生态工程项目的建设。研究、推广生物防治技术、节能技术,开发使用清洁能源。改善农村饮用水和农田灌溉水质。
第三十八条 加强对水资源的统一规划和管理,合理开发利用水资源,保护饮用水源和主要水域,防止水污染。
严禁将有毒有害废水直接向溶洞排放,或采取渗漏等方式排放。
第三十九条 严格保护自然资源和土地资源,防止土壤污染,保护、恢复和发展森林资源,加强野生动植物的保护,改善生态环境。
第四十条 县级以上人民政府对当地具有代表性的各种类型的自然生态系统区域,珍稀、濒危的野生动植物自然分布区域,重要的水源涵养区域,具有重大科学文化价值的地质构造,著名溶洞和化石分布区、温泉等自然遗迹,应按照国家有关规定,划出一定区域建立自然保护区,由有
关部门分工合作,进行保护。
第四十一条 重点保护国家级、省级自然保护区和风景名胜区。
在自然保护区、水源保护区、风景名胜区和其他需要特别保护的区域内,不得新建污染或者破坏环境的设施。已建成的要限期治理、停产或者搬迁。
第四十二条 省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门对自然保护工作实施统一监督管理。统筹自然保护区的区划、规划工作,向省人民政府提出申报建立国家级和省级自然保护区的意见,监督重大经济活动引起的生态环境变化,会同有关部门制订生态环境考核指标和考核办法。

第五章 保护城市环境
第四十三条 市长对城市环境质量负责,实行市长环境目标责任制。
城市环境综合整治实行定量考核制度。城市人民政府应当定期对城市环境污染状况进行检查,采取措施,提高环境质量。

城市人民政府应向同级人民代表大会常务委员会和上一级政府报告市长环境目标责任书和城市环境综合整治定量考核指标的执行情况,考核结果应向社会公布。
第四十四条 根据统一规划、合理布局、综合开发的原则,增强城市污染综合防治能力。普及和完善城市供水、排水系统,建设城市污水集中处理工程,加强城市道路、城市园林、绿地、风景名胜区和其它公益设施的建设和管理,改善城市生活环境和生态环境。
第四十五条 禁止在城市居民区、文化教育区、风景名胜区新建、扩建污染环境的建设项目,已建成的要限期治理或者搬迁。
推行污染集中控制和区域性综合防治,防治废气、废水、工业固体废弃物、噪声及放射性污染。逐步实施对城市垃圾的无害化处理和生活污水的集中处理。
严重污染扰民又缺乏有效治理措施的企业,应当转产、搬迁或者关闭。
第四十六条 有计划地发展城市集中供热、城市煤气,推广型煤,建立烟尘控制区。实施对机动车尾气污染的控制和监督管理。
城市人民政府应制定切实可行的经济、技术政策,采取有效措施,防治二氧化硫等污染,减轻酸雨危害。
第四十七条 加强城市水污染防治工作,切实保护水体不受污染和破坏,综合整治污染严重的湖泊、水库和流经城市及工矿区的二、三级支流。
严格保护城市饮用水源,建立饮用水源保护区,禁止在饮用水源保护区和环境敏感地区新建污染环境的建设项目。直接危害城市饮用水源的企业必须限期转产、搬迁或者关闭。
饮用水源保护区由当地人民政府划定。跨区域的饮用水源保护区由上一级人民政府划定。
第四十八条 加强城市环境噪声的管理。
工业噪声、建筑施工噪声、交通噪声和社会生活噪声应当不超过国家规定的噪声标准。

第六章 防治环境污染和其他公害
第四十九条 产生环境污染和其他公害的单位,必须把消除污染、改善环境、节约资源和综合利用作为技术改造、经营管理的重要内容。有关部门应将环境保护作为考核企业的必备条件之一。
第五十条 向环境排放污染物的企业、事业单位,必须建立健全环境保护责任制度,制订污染防治考核指标,采取有效措施,防治有毒有害污染物对环境的污染和危害。
禁止违反国家规定向环境排放剧毒废液、废气、废渣以及废弃的放射性物质。
第五十一条 各级人民政府应加强对乡镇、街道企业、私营企业、其它类型企业和个体工商户的环境管理,发展无污染或者少污染的行业和产品。
排放污染物的乡镇、街道企业、私营企业、其它类型企业和个体工商户,必须到当地环境保护行政主管部门办理排污申报手续。获准后,方可向工商行政管理部门办理营业执照。
向环境排放污染物的种类和名称,由省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门公布。
第五十二条 严重污染环境的乡镇、街道企业、私营企业、其它类型企业和个体工商户,特别是土法炼焦、土法炼铅、土法炼锌、土法炼硫磺,小造纸、小印染、小化工、小洗煤等,应使用和推广节能、低耗、少污染的技术工艺和生产设备,严格在划定的区域内从事生产,已建成的要
限期治理达标排放。经治理仍未达到规定要求的,分别采取关、停、并、转等措施。

禁止土法炼汞、土法炼砷化物。
第五十三条 对集体矿山企业和个体采矿,由县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门征收生态环境恢复费,用于生态环境的恢复和保护。具体办法由省人民政府制定。
第五十四条 加强对放射性环境的监督管理,防治放射性环境污染。
伴有辐射项目的使用、营运单位和个人在产生放射性废物和废放射源时,必须向省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门申报登记,并统一由省放射性废物库集中管理和处理。
第五十五条 引进技术和设备,必须符合国家和省环境保护的规定。
任何单位和个人不得将产生严重污染的生产设施转移给没有污染防治能力的单位和个人使用。

第七章 法律责任
第五十六条 建设项目环境影响报告书(表)、环境保护设计篇章未经审批、擅自施工的,环境保护行政主管部门除责令其停止施工补办审批手续外,对建设单位及其法人代表处以罚款。
建设项目的防治污染设施没有建成或者没有达到国家规定要求,投入生产或者使用的,由环境保护行政主管部门责令停止生产或者使用,并处罚款。
第五十七条 违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一、尚未构成犯罪的,由县级以上人民政府环境保护行政主管部门或其他依法行使环境监督管理权的部门给予行政处罚:
(一)拒绝环境保护行政主管部门现场检查或者在被检查时弄虚作假的;
(二)拒报、谎报污染物排放申报事项,或者违反许可证规定超量排放污染物的;
(三)不按规定缴纳排污水费、超标准排污费和生态环境恢复费的;
(四)将产生严重污染的生产设备转移给没有污染防治能力的单位和个人使用的;
(五)引进的技术和设备不符合国家和省环境保护规定要求的;
(六)乡镇、街道企业、私营企业、其它类型企业和个体工商户未经环境保护行政主管部门批准,擅自从事对环境有影响的生产经营活动的;
(七)违反国家有关规定排放剧毒废液、废气、废渣以及废弃的放射性物质或以不正当的手段、方式排放污染物的;
(八)造成环境污染事故或者在事故发生后,不及时通知、报告或不采取有效处理措施的;
(九)未取得排污许可证、临时排污许可证,或未按许可证规定范围排放污染物的;
(十)擅自拆除或闲置防治污染设施的;
(十一)擅自生产、销售环境保护产品、装备或从事环境污染治理工程施工的;
(十二)生产、销售的环境保护产品、装备未达到规定质量要求的。
第五十八条 对逾期未完成限期治理任务的企业、事业单位,除依照国家规定加两倍收取超标准排污费外,还可根据所造成的危害后果处以罚款,或者责令停业、转产、关闭。
责令停业、转产、关闭的,由作出限期治理决定的人民政府决定;责令中央直接管辖的企业事业单位停业、转产、关闭的,须报国务院批准。
第五十九条 违反本条例规定,造成土地、森林、草原、水、大气、矿产、野生动植物等资源污染、破坏的;造成环境噪声污染的,分别依照有关法律、法规承担法律责任。
第六十条 缴纳排污水费、超标准排污费、生态环境恢复费或被行政处罚的单位、个人,不免除消除污染、排除危害和赔偿损失的责任。
第六十一条 县级人民政府环境保护行政主管部门可处以一万元以下罚款;自治州(市)人民政府,地区行政公署环境保护行政主管部门可处以五万元以下罚款;省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门可处以二十万元以下罚款。超过罚款限额的,报上一级环境保护行政主管部门批准。
罚款按规定纳入同级财政预算管理。
第六十二条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,向作出处罚决定的机关的上一级机关申请复议;复议机关应当在收到申请书之日起两个月内作出决定。当事人对复议决定不服的,可以在接到复议决定书之日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉。当事人也可
以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内直接向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议,也不向人民法院起诉,又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第六十三条 因环境污染或者破坏受到损害的受害人,举出受到损害的事实,可以向人民法院提起诉讼。被控致害人不能证明受害人所受到的损害与其环境污染或者破坏的行为间没有因果关系的,应当承担赔偿责任。
损害由受害人自身责任引起的,被控致害人不承担责任。
损害由第三者故意或者过失引起的,第三者应当承担赔偿责任。
损害由受害人和被控致害人共同引起的,受害人和被控致害人各自承担应负的责任。
由于不可抗拒的自然灾害,并经及时采取合理措施,仍然不能避免造成环境污染损害的,免予承担责任。
第六十四条 环境污染或者破坏的损害赔偿责任和赔偿金额的纠纷,可以根据当事人的请求,由环境保护行政主管部门或其他依法行使环境监督管理权的部门处理。当事人对处理决定不服的,可以向人民法院起诉;当事人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
第六十五条 因环境污染损害赔偿提起诉讼的时效期间为三年,从当事人知道或者应当知道受到污染损害时起计算。
第六十六条 违反本条例规定,造成重大环境污染或者破坏事故,导致公私财产重大损失或人身伤亡的严重后果,构成犯罪的,对有关责任人员依法追究刑事责任。
第六十七条 环境保护行政主管部门或其他依法行使环境监督管理权部门的工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊、索贿受贿的,由其所在单位或上级主管部门给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。

第八章 附 则
第六十八条 省人民政府应根据本条例制定有关具体办法。
第六十九条 本条例的具体应用,由省人民政府环境保护行政主管部门解释。
第七十条 本条例自公布之日起施行。



1992年5月13日
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办理强制执行公证的抵押合同不具有强制执行力

蓝翔

为了保障贷款安全,一些银行通常会要求借款人和担保人就其与银行的借款抵押合同进行强制执行公证,在贷款未能按期归还时援引有关强制执行力的公证书的规定,直接申请强制执行。笔者认为,办理强制执行公证的抵押合同并不具有强制执行力。
一、案情简介
2004年3月,某支行分别与A公司和B公司签订借款合同和抵押合同各一份。借款合同约定某支行贷款450万元给A用,借款期限一年。抵押合同约定B公司愿意用自有的某房产为A公司提供抵押,并办理了房地产管理部门办理了抵押登记。同月,某支行所在地的区公证处对上述借款及保证合同出具赋予强制执行效力的公证书。某支行履行贷款义务后,A公司未按期归还借款,B公司亦未履行担保义务。2005年4月,某支行向区公证处出具执行证书,某支行据此向区人民法院申请执行。
区人民法院裁定不予执行。某银行对裁定不服向市中级人民法院申请复议被驳回。笔者认为办理了强制执行公证的担保合同不具有强制执行力,法院裁定合法。
二、法律分析
我国现行有关强制执行公证的法律主要是民事诉讼法和公证法,《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第218条“对公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的债权文书,一方当事人不履行的,对方当事人可以向有管辖权的人民法院申请执行,受申请的人民法院应当执行。公证债权文书确有错误的,人民法院裁定不予执行,并将裁定书送达双方当事人和公证机关。”《中华人民共和国公证法》第37条规定“对经公证的以给付为内容并载明债务人愿意接受强制执行承诺的债权文书,债务人不履行或者履行不适当的,债权人可以依法向有管辖权的人民法院申请执行。前款规定的债权文书确有错误的,人民法院裁定不予执行,并将裁定书送达双方当事人和公证机构。”另外,最高人民法院司法解释、司法部部门规章以及最高人民法院与司法部联合下发的通知也对强制执行公证进行了明确,《最高人民法院关于人民法院执行工作若干问题的规定(试行)》“2.执行机构负责执行下列生效法律文书:……(4)公证机关依法赋予强制执行效力的关于追偿债款、物品的债权文书;”司法部《公证程序规则》第39条“具有强制执行效力的债权文书的公证,应当符合下列条件:(一)债权文书以给付货币、物品或者有价证券为内容;(二)债权债务关系明确,债权人和债务人对债权文书有关给付内容无疑义;(三)债权文书中载明当债务人不履行或者不适当履行义务时,债务人愿意接受强制执行的承诺;(四)《公证法》规定的其他条件。”以及2000年9月21日最高人民法院、司法部发布的《关于公证机关赋予强制执行效力的债权文书执行有关问题的联合通知》第1条“公证机关赋予强制执行效力的债权文书应当具备以下条件:(一)债权文书具有给付货币、物品、有价证券的内容;(二)债权债务关系明确,债权人和债务人对债 权文书有关给付内容无疑义;(三)债权文书中载明债务人不履行义务或不完全履行义务时,债务人愿意接受依法强制执行的承诺。”上述规定构成了我国强制执行公证的法律渊源,对强制执行公证的要件进行了明确。
从抵押合同的法律性质上讲,抵押合同属于物权合同,不属于债权合同,不属于强制执行公证对象。民法上的合同有广义和狭义之分,广义合同是两个以上的民事主体之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议,狭义合同专指债权合同。广义合同除债权合同外,还包括物权合同、身份合同等。债权合同是指两个以上的民事主体之间设立、变更、终止债权债务关系的协议。物权合同系指当事人以物权变动为内容而订立的合同。抵押权属物权的一种,抵押合同是抵押人与抵押权人设立抵押权的协议,抵押合同应属物权合同,并不属于强制执行公证的对象。
从抵押合同与借款合同的主从关系上讲,不能依据“从随主”的原则适用强制执行公证。虽然在民事实体法中担保合同与借款合同之间是主从关系,但依据《最高人民法院关于适用若干问题的解释》第130条 “在主合同纠纷案件中,对担保合同未经审判,人民法院不应当依据对主合同当事人所作出的判决或者裁定,直接执行担保人的财产。”的规定,在诉讼法中担保合同与借款合同不存在主从关系。因此,不能援引借款合同可以赋予强制执行公证效力就可以对抵押合同赋予强制执行公证效力。
从抵押合同的内容上分析,抵押合同不符合强制执行公证的条件。依照我国强制执行公证的相关规定,公证机关赋予强制执行效力的债权合同必须具有给付货币、物品、有价证券的内容。债权人依据此类合同所享有的权利必须是请求债务人给付货币、物品、有价证券的请求权。抵押合同是抵押人与抵押权人设立抵押权的协议,对于抵押人为第三人的情形,抵押人亦被称为物上担保人,在抵押权依法设定后,抵押权人与物上保证人的关系仅限于物权关系而没有债权关系。物上担保人对抵押权人负担的责任为物的责任,仅以其提供的抵押标的物为限对债务提供担保。在债务人不履行债务时,抵押权人不能对物上保证人的其他财产主张权利,只能就担保标的物求偿,也没有请求物上保证人代为履行债务的权利,即使抵押权人变价抵押物不足以清偿其债权时也一样。即使对于债务人提供抵押的情形,抵押权人对抵押人所享有的债权也是基于主合同而非基于抵押合同。抵押权人所享有的仅是请求抵押人办理抵押登记的请求权,并非请求抵押人给付货币、物品、有价证券,抵押合同因不具有给付货币、物品、有价证券的内容,不满足赋予强制执行效力的债权文书所必须具备的条件之一。
综上,既然抵押合同不属于强制执行公证对象,其内容亦不符合可赋予强制执行效力的债权文书所必须具备的内容,依照我国公证法关于“公证机关能够证明有强制执行的效力的,仅限于符合三个特定条件的债权文书”的强制性规定,公证机关无权对抵押合同进行强制执行公证。如果盲目对抵押合同办理强制执行公证,既增加借款人财务负担,也浪费抵押权人的人力资源。



国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)

国务院办公厅


国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅


国家旅游局《关于加强旅游工作的意见》已经国务院同意,现转发给你们,请结合本地区、本部门的实际情况贯彻执行。 旅游业是一项综合性事业,涉及航空、交通、文化、建设、轻工、纺织、商业等许多部门,各有关部门要积极配合和支持,共同努力,推动我国旅游事业更加健康
、协调地发展。关于加强旅游工作的意见 党的十一届三中全会以来,在改革、开放方针的指引下,我国旅游事业迅速发展,在增加我国非贸易外汇收入、促进对外经济贸易和文化交流、增进同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊等方面发挥了积极作用。目前我国旅游业的发展已具备了相当的
基础和进一步加快发展的基本条件,国际旅游业持续稳定发展的大趋势也有利于我们把旅游事业搞上去。为进一步加强对旅游工作的协调管理,争取我国旅游业有一个更大的发展,现提出如下意见:
一、加强旅游管理工作,搞好各级旅游管理机构改革。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府及旅游重点城市,特别是旅游资源比较丰富的热点地区,要按照党政分开、政企分开和精简、统一的原则,从当地情况和发展国际国内旅游业的需要出发,结合地方机构改革,统筹安排,建立健全旅
游管理机构。各级旅游管理部门要切实转变职能,划清职责范围,合理配置机构。为切实搞好政企分开,需做到:(一)旅游部门主管领导不得兼任地方旅游公司、旅行社或饭店的经理;(二)旅游局与其直属企业要在人、财、物管理方面完全分开,使旅游企业真正做到自主经营、自负盈
亏;(三)各级旅游管理部门开展旅游业务的费用,由各级财政安排。为了加强旅游管理部门与旅游经营单位之间的联系,国家旅游局将根据工作需要,适当调整“中国旅游协会”、“中国旅游饭店协会”,成立“中国国内旅游协会”,协助旅游主管部门协调与各有关部门的关系,研究指
导国内旅游业发展中的有关事宜。
二、进一步明确国家旅游局的行业管理范围和管理权限,建立分级管理的办法和制度。全国所有的旅游企业事业单位,包括旅游院校和科研单位,经营国际、国内旅游业务的旅行社,各类旅游涉外饭店、宾馆、餐馆及旅游车船公司,对外开放的重点旅游风景区、游览点、旅游商品经销
店以及派驻国外的旅游办事机构、国外在华开设的旅游办事机构等,其隶属关系均不变,但旅游局要按照国家的有关规定,实行行业管理和检查监督。各级旅游管理部门对各级各类旅游企业,要一视同仁。国家旅游局要按此原则,会同有关部门研究制定分级管理办法,并严格旅游企业审批
制度。所有旅游企事业单位都要接受行业管理和监督。
三、全面深化改革,实行承包经营责任制。各级旅游管理部门和办有旅游企业的部门,可结合本地区、本部门的具体情况,根据国家有关规定,研究提出在国营、集体旅游企业实行承包经营责任制的具体计划和实施步骤,并使之配套、完善和深化。在实行承包经营责任制中,可根据不
同工作性质(旅行社、旅游涉外饭店、旅游车船队等)和不同经营情况(盈利企业、还贷企业、亏损企业等),采取不同的承包经营方式。凡是有外汇收入的企业,要承包创汇指标,并制定相应的结汇管理办法。有条件的企业,可以逐步建立企业风险基金。要采取招标招聘等多种形式,通
过竞争确定承包者。承包合同期限,一般不应少于3年。承包合同一经确定,承发包双方都要严格履行,不得违反。实行承包经营责任制,要和改进企业管理、促进企业内部管理制度的改革紧密结合起来,按照责、权、利相结合的原则,进一步改革和完善企业的劳动工资制度,严格考核和
奖罚制度。
四、改革旅行社管理体制。鼓励、支持国旅、中旅、青旅三大骨干旅行社向建立企业联合体和企业集团的方向发展。对已开办的各类旅行社,国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要按照《旅行社管理暂行条例》和《旅行社管理暂行条例实施细则》进行考核和整顿。各类旅行社都要切实搞好
企业内部改革,进一步挖掘潜力,促进经营管理水平和服务质量的提高。
五、加强旅游对外宣传招徕工作,努力开拓国际客源市场。国家旅游局要进一步加强对国际客源市场的调查研究,制定开拓国际市场的具体规划并组织实施。驻外旅游办事处要搞好国际旅游市场调研和宣传招徕,负责各外联单位在外宣传招徕的管理工作,积极开展与驻在国有关机构、
旅行社和旅游批发商等的联系,并注意搜集和反馈有关信息。各驻外办事机构在驻在国法律许可的范围内,也可酌情开展一些有偿服务或经营性活动。各外联单位在对外推销旅游线路时,要互相配合,顾全大局,不得低于保护价竞销或相互贬低。鼓励提倡各外联单位自愿组织起来,开展对
外联合推销。对于违反外联纪律的,国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要根据情节轻重给予行政处分或经济处罚。为适应我国旅游业发展的需要,旅游宣传推销经费可逐年有所增加。今后各外联单位开展对外联合推销活动,可采取收费的办法,凡参加及受益单位均需缴纳一定费用。
六、加强对新建旅游涉外饭店的宏观管理,推进饭店管理制度改革。各级旅游管理部门要认真贯彻执行今年9月22日国务院发布的《楼堂馆所建设管理暂行条例》,会同当地计划部门,对本地区旅游涉外饭店项目进行认真清理。今后,各地一般不要再建设高档旅游涉外饭店。温冷点
地区可根据旅游客源市场需求,酌建中低档饭店(可视需要在中档饭店内设若干高档房间)。北京、上海、广州、桂林、西安、杭州等旅游热点城市,原则上不再批准中外合资或合作建造饭店。要按照国办发〔1988〕17号文件精神,加快建立我国自己的饭店管理公司。对确需新建中
外合资、合作饭店的,必须按照国发〔1986〕101号和国办发〔1988〕32号文件有关规定办理。对于由国家旅游局投资或参与投资建设的旅游风景区和游览点,地方旅游管理部门要参与领导和管理。推进饭店管理制度的改革。全国旅游涉外饭店星级评定工作,已有具体标准和
实施办法,要抓紧进行,争取明年底完成。要逐步建立旅游涉外饭店(包括各类旅行社和旅游车船公司)营业许可证发放和吊销制度。旅游主管部门对有严重违法乱纪行为的旅游企业,可建议工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。
七、审慎进行旅游价格方面的改革,加强对旅游外汇收支及结汇的管理。旅游价格问题直接关系到国家的利益和声誉,要不断进行调查研究,作出审慎的改革,并按规定报批。要充分考虑适应国际竞争需要,根据不同旅游路线、不同季节等特点,改革价格结构模式,更加科学、合理地
制定价格(国家旅游局和国家物价局今后主要是制定最高限价和最低保护价)。价格原则一经确定,各级、各类旅游企业都应严格执行。对于违反价格纪律的,要严肃处理。 国家旅游局要会同国家统计局、国家外汇管理局、财政部、中国银行等部门,在加强对旅游外汇收支统计工作的同
时,进一步加强对旅游外汇的收支管理,建立旅游外汇结汇制度,并纳入计划;要研究制定《旅游外汇管理办法》和《旅游外汇财务管理办法》,报国务院批准后实施,以尽快扭转目前旅游外汇收入流失严重的状况。
八、大力发展旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售,进一步提高我国旅游业的创汇水平和经济效益。搞好旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售是旅游业一个重要组成部分,也是为国家创汇的重要途径之一。要逐步建立起全国旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售网络。要以国家旅游局所
属的“中国旅游服务公司”系统、轻工部现有的“中国旅游产品生产供应公司”系统、商业部现有的“中国友谊服务公司”系统为基础,发挥其主导作用,进一步扩大业务,形成各具特色、经营不同旅游商品和旅游纪念品的企业体系。这些企业系统,可以有计划地兴办一批旅游纪念品生产
基地和研究国际旅游商品、旅游纪念品市场行情、开发新产品的科研单位,逐步使科研开发与产供销紧密结合。要鼓励各地特别是旅游重点地区大力发展具有民族风格、地方特色的旅游商品和旅游纪念品的生产,增加花色品种,广开货源渠道,改善销售服务,加强市场管理。要落实国务院
早已确定的“旅游商品创汇视同外贸出口创汇”的规定,并研究制定具体办法;对外贸出口中属于非实行出口许可证管理的商品,要进一步扩大对国外旅游者的销售;旅游商品、旅游纪念品的销售价格,要根据不同商品的货源情况、国际市场行情和经贸部门的具体销售方针,灵活掌握;发
展旅游商品、旅游纪念品生产所需国内紧缺的专用原材料,各级物资部门要纳入供货渠道;必须由国家统一进口的原材料,要纳入国家进口计划;对所需进口的专用原材料,按国办发〔1987〕16号文件有关规定执行。北京、上海、广州是海外旅游者出入境的三大口岸,要逐步建设成
为亚洲地区有一定规模和声誉的旅游购物城市。 目前一些旅游涉外饭店用大量外汇进口内装修材料、卫生洁具、机电设备和零部件,为尽快改变这种状况,今后对凡属于国内已能生产的产品,价格合理,质量、交货期等方面又能保证需要的,应一律停止进口。建议由有关部门提出限制进
口的产品目录,并由行业归口管理部门进行审批。
九、加强旅游从业人员的队伍建设,抓好职业道德和职业纪律教育。要进一步抓好旅游院校教育工作和从业人员的培训工作,大力培养不同层次、不同类别的旅游专业人才。要强化职业道德和职业纪律教育,不断提高旅游从业人员的政治、业务素质,树立旅游职业的光荣感和责任感,
反对各种不正之风,进一步提高旅游服务质量,搞好优质服务,使我国旅游业在国际上建立良好的信誉和形象。
十、加强与各有关部门的协调配合。旅游业是一项综合性事业,其发展不仅取决于旅游部门本身的工作,而且与航空、交通、城建、园林、文物、文化、轻工、纺织、商业、宗教事务等很多部门的工作紧密相关。旅游业又是一项跨地区的行业,大量的组织工作和实际工作要靠地方去做
,需要协调一致。各级旅游管理部门要进一步与有关部门密切配合,共同努力,促进我国旅游事业更加健康协调地发展。

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THEAPPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISMADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK

Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE
APPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISM
ADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
(December 21, 1988)
The Report, "Suggestions Concerning the Strengthening of Tourist Work",
submitted by the National Tourism Administration, has been approved by the
State Council and is hereby transmitted to you for implementation in the
light of the actual conditions of the respective localities and
departments.
The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking which involves
departments such as aviation, communications, culture, construction, light
industry, textile industry, and commerce. All the departments concerned
shall coordinate and support each other and make joint efforts to promote
the sound and coordinated development of tourism in our country.
SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
Since the conclusion of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the
policy of reform and opening to the outside world, tourism has been
developing very rapidly in our country; and it has played an active part
in increasing our country's non-trade foreign exchange earnings, in
boosting international trade and cultural exchange, and in promoting the
mutual understanding and friendship between peoples throughout the world.
At present, our country possesses a fairly good foundation for the
development of tourism and the necessary conditions for speeding up such
development. The general trend of continuous and steady development of the
international tourism is also favourable to us for promoting our tourist
industry. In order to further strengthen the coordinated administration of
tourist work and strive for a greater development of our tourist industry,
we hereby advance the following suggestions:

1. Strengthening the administration of the tourist industry and doing a
good job in the reform of tourism administration organs at various levels.
The people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as tourist
cities, especially those favourite haunts with relatively rich tourist
resources, shall, in accordance with the principles of "separating Party
organs from government organs", "separating government organs from
enterprises", and "simplified and unified administration", and in the
light of local conditions and needs of the development of international
and domestic tourism, set up and improve the tourism administration organs
by combining them with the reform of local setups and making overall
arrangements. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall make timely and specific adjustments to their responsibilities,
clearly define their scope of duties, and rationally deploy their
organizations. In order to effect the separation of government organs from
enterprises, it is imperative to lay stress on the following measures:
(1) The persons in charge of the tourism administration departments shall
not assume concurrently posts of manager of local tourist companies,
tourist agencies, or hotels;
(2) The tourism bureaus shall be completely separated from the enterprises
directly under them in the administration of such aspects as personnel,
finance, and materials, so that the tourist enterprises shall carry on
their business operations independently, and assume sole responsibility
for their profits and losses;
(3) The expenses for the tourism administration departments at various
levels to conduct tourist business operations shall be appropriated by the
finance departments at various levels. In order to strengthen the
connections between tourism administration departments and tourist opera-
ting units, the National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance with
the requirements of work, make necessary adjustments with regard to the
"China Association of Tourism" and the "China Association of Tourist
Hotels", and establish thereby the "China Association of Domestic
Tourism", which shall assist the competent authorities for tourism in
coordinating relations with other departments concerned and in studying
and providing guidance to the development of domestic tourism.

2. Further clarifying the scope of responsibility and the limits of powers
of the tourist administration bureaus, and establishing a system of graded
administration. The subordinative relationship of all the tourist
enterprises and tourist institutions throughout the country-including
institutes and schools of tourism, research institutes of tourism, tourist
agencies that are engaged in the international and domestic tourist
industries; various categories of tourist hotels, guest houses,
restaurants, and tourist automobile and vessels companies for the
reception of foreign tourists; key tourist scenic spots, tourist
attractions, and shops selling tourist goods that are open to foreigners;
tourist representative offices abroad, as well as the tourist
representative offices established in China by foreign tourist agencies-to
the competent administrative authorities directly over them shall remain
unchanged; but the tourist bureau shall, in accordance with the provisions
of the State, implement the system of trade administration, inspection,
and supervision. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall treat tourist enterprises of various categories equally without
discrimination. The National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance
with the aforesaid principle, and working in coordination with other
departments concerned, make a study of, and work out, ways to implement
the system of graded administration and effect a stricter procedure in
examining and approving the establishment of tourist enterprises. All the
tourist enterprises and tourist institutions shall, without exception,
subject themselves to trade administration and supervision.

3. Deepening the reform in a comprehensive way and implementing the
responsibility system of contracted business operations. The tourism
administration departments at various levels and the departments that run
tourist enterprises shall, taking into consideration the actual conditions
of the local areas and of their own departments, and in accordance with
the pertinent provisions of the State, make a study of, and submit a
report on, a specific plan and practicable procedures for the
implementation of the responsibility system of contracted business
operations in state-run and collectively-run tourist enterprises and, at
the same time, formulate other provisions to perfect such a system. In the
course of implementing the aforesaid responsibility system of contracted
business operations, different forms of contracted business operations may
be adopted, in accordance with the differences in the nature of business
operations (tourists agencies, tourist hotels specialized in receiving
foreign guests, fleets of tourist automobiles and vessels) and business
operations of different conditions (enterprises with profits, enterprises
that have to repay loans, enterprises suffering losses and with a
deficit). All those enterprises that have foreign exchange earnings shall
carry out a contracted target for earning foreign exchange, and work out a
corresponding method for the administration of the settlement of the
exchange. Enterprises, which possess the necessary conditions, may
gradually set up risk funds for themselves. The contractor shall be
finally determined, through various kinds of competition, such as by
inviting tenders, or by advertising for employment. The contract period
shall, in principle, be no shorter than 3 years. Once a contract is
confirmed and signed, the two parties, the contractor and the party
awarding the contract, shall execute the contract strictly, and under no
circumstances shall it be violated. The implementation of the
responsibility system of contracted business operations calls for a close
integration of the improvement of enterprise management and the promotion
of reform in the internal administration system of enterprises, and for
further efforts in reforming and improving the labour wage system and the
policy of reward and punishment, in accordance with the principle of
combining responsibility, power, and profit.

4. Reforming the administration system of tourist agencies. The three
backbone travel services-China International Travel Service, China Travel
Service, and China Youth Travel Service-shall be encouraged and supported
to develop towards the establishment of an integrated complex or
enterprise group.
With respect to those tourist agencies of various categories that have
already been set up, the National Tourism Administration and local tourism
administration departments shall carry out assessment and rectification in
accordance with the provisions in Interim Regulations on the
Administration of Tourist Agencies and Rules of Implementation for Interim
Regulations on the Administration of Tourist Agencies. Tourist agencies of
various categories shall all carry out effectively the reform in the
internal work of their respective tourist agencies, further tap their
potentials, so as to raise standard of their operation and administration,
and to improve the quality of their services.

5. Strengthening overseas tourist publicity and the endeavouring for
soliciting tourists, and striving to expand the international market for
foreign tourists. The National Tourism Administration shall make further
efforts in investigating and analyzing the market for international
tourists, work out specific plans for the expansion of the said
international market, and take measures to put it into practice. Our
resident representative tourist offices abroad shall try their best to
investigate into the market for international tourists and carry out
publicity work for soliciting visiting tourists, take the responsibility
to supervise the publicity and soliciting endeavour carried out abroad by
units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, actively make
contacts with the institutions concerned, tourist agencies and tourist
wholesalers in countries where our representative tourist offices are
resident, and pay attention to collecting and feeding back relevant
information. Various resident representative tourist offices abroad may,
within the scope of law of the respective countries where they are
resident, and at their discretion, undertake some paid services or other
business operational activities.
Various units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, while
canvassing among foreigners for tourists itineraries, shall work in close
coordination and take the interests of the whole country into account.
They may not play down the others and compete against them by offering
prices lower than the protective price. Various units in charge of liaison
work with foreign countries shall be encouraged to collaborate on a
voluntary basis to canvass jointly among foreigners. With respect to those
who have violated external liaison disciplines, the National Tourism
Administration and the local tourism administration departments shall,
depending on the seriousness of the cases, impose disciplinary sanctions,
or economic penalty, on the violators. In order to meet the needs of the
development of the tourist industry in our country, the outlay for
conducting tourist publicity and canvassing abroad may be increased with
each passing year. From now on, various units in charge of liaison work
with foreign countries, when canvassing jointly among foreigners may
collect service charges: all units that take part in the canvassing
activities and derive benefits there from shall pay the charges.

6. Strengthening the macro-administration of those newly-built tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests and promoting the
reform of hotel administration system. The tourism administration
departments at various levels shall conscientiously implement Interim
Regulations on the Construction and Administration of Storied Buildings,
Halls, Hotels and Guest Houses, promulgated by the State Council on
September 22, 1988, and, working in coordination with the local planning
departments, carry out a checking-up on the projects of local tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests. From now on, in
principle, no more high-grade tourist hotels that specialize in receiving
foreign guests shall be built in any place. In areas less frequented than
favourite tourist haunts, medium-and low-grade hotels may be built, in
accordance with the tourist market's demand, and depending on the actual
circumstances, (a number of highgrade rooms may be provided in a
medium-grade hotel, if necessary). In such highly frequented tourist
cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin, Xi'an, and Hangzhou, no
new hotel construction projects with Chinese-foreign joint investment or
by Chinese-foreign cooperation shall, in principle, be approved. In
accordance with the guideline of Document No. 17 (1988) issued by the
General Office under the State Council, it shall be imperative to speed up
the establishment of the hotel administration company of our own country.
In cases where necessity arises for the building of new hotels in form of
Chinese-foreign joint ventures or Chinese-foreign contractual joint
venture, the cases shall be handled in accordance with the provisions in
Document No. 101 (1986) and Document No. 32 (1988), issued by the General
Office under the State Council. As regards the tourist scenic spots and
tourist attraction, built and facilitated with, or partly with the
investment of the National Tourism Administration, the local tourism
administration departments shall take part in the leadership and
administration of the aforesaid tourist places.
Promoting the reform in the hotel administration system. There are now
specific standards for the "star-rating" of the country's tourist hotels
that specialize in receiving foreign guests; the rating process shall be
speeded up and strive to complete the task by the end of next year. The
system for issuing and revoking business licence for tourist hotels that
specialize in receiving foreign guests (including various categories of
tourist agencies and tourist automobiles and vessels companies) shall be
gradually set up. With respect to those tourist enterprises that have
committed serious illegal acts, the competent authorities for tourism may
suggest to the relevant administrative departments for industry and
commerce that the business licences of the aforesaid enterprises be
revoked.

7. Carrying out, with caution, the reform in tourist prices, and
strengthening the administration of the receipts and expenditures in
foreign exchange as well as the settlement of exchange relating to tourist
enterprises. The problem of tourist prices has a direct bearing on the
interests and reputation of the State; therefore it is imperative to
conduct careful investigation and studies before taking cautious steps in
the reform, and submit the reform plan to higher authorities for approval.
It is necessary to reform the price structure so as to fix the tourist
prices more scientifically and reasonably by taking into full
consideration the necessity to meet the challenge of international
competition, and in accordance with the special features of different
tourist itineraries and different seasons (from now on, the National
Tourism Administration and the State Administration for Commodity Prices
shall chiefly fix the ceiling price and the floor price - the protective
price). Once the price principles are determined, the tourist enterprises
at various levels and of various categories shall execute them strictly.
Those who have violated the price discipline shall be dealt with
seriously.
The National Tourism Administration shall, working in coordination with
such departments as the State Statistical Bureau, the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange Control, the Ministry of Finance, and the Bank of
China, strengthen the statistical work on the tourist enterprises'
receipts and expenditures, and tighten the control of the foreign exchange
receipts and expenditures of the tourist enterprises, establish the system
for the settlement of tourist foreign exchange, and bring this work into
line with the State plan. It is imperative to formulate, through studies,
the Measures for Foreign Exchange Control in Tourism and the Measures for
the Financial Administration of Foreign Exchange in Tourism, and submit
these two documents to the State Council for approval before
implementation so as to reverse as early as possible the present situation
of serious drain on foreign exchange earnings from tourism.

8. Developing vigorously the manufacture and marketing of tourist goods
and tourist souvenirs, increasing the volume of the foreign exchange
earning from tourism in our country and improving its economic results.
The manufacture and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs
constitute an important component part of the tourist industry, and is
also an important channel for earning foreign exchange for the State. It
is imperative to establish gradually a nationwide network for the
production and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs. For the
aforesaid purpose, the "China Tourist Services Company" under the National
Tourism Administration, the "China Tourist Products Production and Supply
Company" under the Ministry of Light Industry, and the "China Friendship
Services Company" under the Ministry of Commerce shall be taken as the
foundation; their leading role shall be brought into full play, and their
businesses shall be further expanded so that they shall grow into
complexes of enterprises specialized in different lines of business,
handling different assortments of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs.
These complexes of enterprises may establish, in a planned way, a number
of production bases for the production of tourist souvenirs, and a number
of research institutes for carrying on studies in the marketing quotations
of international tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and for developing
new products, so that scientific research and product development will be
combined in the integrated process of production-supply-marketing. It is
necessary to encourage various places, especially the key tourist areas,
to vigorously develop the production of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs that are of national style with various local colours, to
increase designs and varieties, to expand channels for sources of goods,
to improve sales service, and to strengthen market administration. It is
imperative to implement conscientiously the provisions approved long ago
by the State Council: "the foreign exchange earned through the sales of
tourist goods shall be deemed as the foreign exchange earned by foreign
trade" and to formulate, through studies, specific measures for carrying
out the said provisions; with respect to those export goods which do not
come under the licence control, it is important to expand their sales to
foreign tourists; the selling prices of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs shall be handled flexibly in accordance with the different
conditions of goods supply, the international market quotations, and the
specific marketing policy pursued by the economic and trade departments.

The special raw and processed materials which are needed for the
development of the production of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and
are in short supply in the country, shall be brought into the goods supply
channels handled by the departments of goods and materials at various
levels; those raw and processed materials that are imported solely by the
State shall be brought into the plan for importation executed by the
State; the special imported raw and processed materials needed shall be
handled in accordance with the pertinent provisions in Document No. 16
(1987) issued by the General Office under the State Council. As Beijing,
Shanghai, and Guangzhou are the three main ports of entry and exit for
overseas tourists, they shall be turned into cities with sizable tourist
shopping centres and good reputation in Asia. At present, some tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests spend a large amount of
foreign exchange in importing fitting-up materials, sanitary utensils,
machinery and electrical equipment, and spare and component parts. In
order to change this situation without delay, from now on, all similar
products which can already be manufactured in our country and reasonably
priced and whose quality and delivery time can be guaranteed shall cease
to be imported. We suggest that a catalogue of products to be restricted
in importation be put forward by the departments concerned and the
importation of the aforesaid products shall be examined and approved by
the administrative departments of the trades concerned.

9. Strengthening the building of a contingent of tourist personnel and
paying close attention to the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline. It is imperative to improve the educational work
in schools and institutes of tourism and the professional training of
tourist personnel, especially the training of qualified specialized
personnel at various levels and of different categories. It is also
imperative to intensify the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline, so as to improve the political and professional
quality of tourist personnel, to foster a sense of honour and
responsibility, to oppose all kinds of unhealthy tendencies, to improve
the quality of tourist services and offer high-quality services, thus
enabling our tourist industry to establish good international reputation
and image.

10. Strengthening the coordination between different departments
concerned. The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking, the
development of which relies not only on its own work, but also on the
close coordination with such organizations as the departments of aviation,
communications, city construction, gardens and parks, historical relics,
culture, light industry, textile industry, commerce, and religious
affairs. The tourist industry is also a trans-regional trade, and a large
amount of organizational work shall be done by the local departments; a
harmonious coordination is thus indispensable. Tourist departments at
various levels shall strengthen their coordination with other departments
concerned and make joint efforts in promoting a sound and co-ordinated
development of the tourist industry in our country.



1988年12月21日